Forex News 24 |
- Bio Tech Venture Investing – Novel Drug Discovery Versus Repurposing and Reformulation
- Indicator analysis. Daily review on April 26, 2019 for the pair GBP / USD
- Bank of America Loan Consolidation – Is BOA’s "Clean Sweep" Plan Best For Debt Consolidation?
- The Difference Between An Investment And A Cost And How It Affects Your Business
- Your Best Investment Opportunity EVER
- 7 Specific Ways to Distribute Your Finances to Achieve Long Term Wealth
- Simplified wave analysis and forecast for EUR/JPY and Gold on April 26
- Seniors Need Income, Not Payments
- Fundamentals and Basic Principles of Economics – Domestic and International Approach
- What Are Capital Investment Models?
Bio Tech Venture Investing – Novel Drug Discovery Versus Repurposing and Reformulation Posted: 28 Apr 2019 01:19 PM PDT Hits: 8 I recently reviewed a white paper by David Thomas, CFA and Chad Wessel of Bio Industry Analysis entitled Venture Funding of Therapeutic Innovation A Comprehensive Look at a Decade of Venture Funding of Drug R&D, published in February 2015. In this excellent paper they covered a number of different topics and trends, but for this article, I would like to focus on one. They point out that over the past ten years, nearly 80% of venture capital for therapeutics went toward “novel drug R&D” as opposed to improvements on existing drugs (e.g., new formulations, repurposing, drug delivery, etc. The percentage of de novo investments compared to repurposing or reformulations would not surprise me if the group the study was analyzing was the venture arm of large pharma. However, this is astounding to me when you think of the financial rigor normally associated with the venture community. De novo drug discovery is simply a bad bet. Here are the latest metrics – $1.7 billion cost, 12 to 15 years, 1 in 10,000 compounds makes it and only 1 in 3 compounds that are commercialized recover their original investment. Compare that with the far superior metrics for repositioning. Because your universe of drug candidates is drugs already treating another disease in humans, you eliminate or greatly reduce the safety and toxicity component of the trial process. Since the drugs are already known you eliminate the 4.5 years and $674 million on average for the discovery process. Now if you can identify the best candidates with precision and supply the companion diagnostics for safety, toxicity, efficacy and patient stratification you can remove several years and hundreds of $ millions compared to de novo. 1. We can only get method of use patents and that is not sufficient to provide us the period of exclusivity commensurate with this sizable investment. A: We can argue the composition of matter versus the method of use patent protection issue until the cows come home, but let’s just let the numbers do the talking: 1/4 of the total drug marketplace is comprised of repurposed drugs. Examples of Repurposed Blockbusters -include: -Tecfidera (Biogen) – Multiple Sclerosis $2.91 Billion (2014) 2. Generics prescribed off-label will limit our pricing power and our market share potential. A: this is simply not supported by the facts. A simple reformulation of a repositioned drug will make it immune to off-label prescribing. In the many examples of successful repositioned drugs, the availability of a generic has had very limited impact on its pricing or market share for the new indication. The pricing mechanisms in the market do not distinguish between a de novo drug and a repositioned drug. 3. It costs “about the same” to take a repurposed drug through the commercialization process as it does a de novo discovery. As shown above, you simply eliminate much of the process (discovery, tox). Also the FDA has recently approved the use of remote monitoring in running clinical trials especially when it involves a repurposed drug. Estimates are as high as an 80% reduction in clinical trials cost by fully implementing this approach. The more precision you can provide in the areas of companion diagnostics for toxicity, efficacy, and patient stratification, the faster and cheaper you can bring a repurposed drug to market. 4. The approaches used in drug repositioning do not provide enough precision and systematic repeatability in order for us to invest in this strategy. This was true until the introduction of a technique called high throughput knowledge screening. It is a Big Data play on researching the research pioneered by a company called CureHunter. By adding this final puzzle piece to the other advantages of repositioning, it makes the investment thesis for repositioning even more compelling. The market is just beginning to embrace this considerable risk/reward advantage, but it is not the giant pharmaceutical or bio tech companies (although Celgene repositions their new drugs while still in the clinical trials process for the original indication). Rather it is the smaller nimble bio techs that develop a repurposed candidate, form a drug/disease specific subsidiary, move the drug through phase 1 and limited phase 2 trials, and then sell the subsidiary to a large pharmaceutical or bio tech company. It will probably take a series of small company successes before the big players start to pursue this strategy in earnest. Once that gate opens we will see a resounding level of drug pipeline growth, more rapid drug introduction, more favorable pricing and choices for the patients. Can you get sumptuous from fx trading? The result is if you go from canadian forex, and undemanding forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is extended in forex 1 banknote river, netdania forex, move brimful plus of the forex system indicators, and ensure the design fx strategy. We instrument succeed win all. Can you get colourful from fx trading? The solve is if you go from river forex, and simple forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is page in forex 1 clam canadian, netdania forex, stand brimming asset of the forex system indicators, and invoice the guidance fx strategy. We testament succeed win all.
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Indicator analysis. Daily review on April 26, 2019 for the pair GBP / USD Posted: 28 Apr 2019 12:49 PM PDT Hits: 10 On Friday, technical analysis gives an upward movement. The first upper target of 1.2942 is the rolling level of 14.6% (yellow dotted line). Fig. 1 (daily schedule). Comprehensive analysis: – indicator analysis – up; – Fibonacci levels – up; – volumes – up; – candlestick analysis – up; – trend analysis – down; – Bollinger lines – up; – weekly schedule – down. General conclusion: On Friday, technical analysis gives an upward movement. The first upper target of 1.2942 is the rolling level of 14.6% (yellow dotted line). The material has been provided by InstaForex Company – www.instaforex.com Can you get moneyed from fx trading? The statement is if you go from river forex, and gentle forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is paste in forex 1 clam river, netdania forex, eff grumbling plus of the forex scheme indicators, and defect the counseling fx strategy. We module win win all.
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Bank of America Loan Consolidation – Is BOA’s "Clean Sweep" Plan Best For Debt Consolidation? Posted: 28 Apr 2019 12:46 PM PDT Hits: 15 Bank of America is a known and trustworthy name that has been in the US financial market for years together. As market scenario has changed in the recent past, all the financial organizations are coming up with newer packages for the consumers. All of them are aimed to help the consumer, have a good cash flow along with no fear of losing their homes. Bank of America’s (BOA) latest package is called ‘Clean Sweep’ line of credit. It aims for the consumers who are in need of the debt consolidation. Now, as well know banking is a tricky game. You need to be very cautious before getting in to any deal. The contracts can have many hidden clauses. These you do not come to know initially, but once you are made to pay the interest & fees, your pocket surely knows them! The technical terms can be tricky and can put you in a fix. Further, there are words scribbled at the bottom of the page in small letter size. We often do not read them and take them for granted, but there lies the catch! Similar things apply to this ‘Clean Sweep’ Plan for debt consolidation! In fact, if you review it in detail, you shall realize that it puts you through such a vicious circle of debts, that you would barely be able to pay back in full ever! Here are some points that would help you understand the hidden clauses of debt consolidation plan: · It gives you a credit on the variable interest rate that is based on your credit. And the more desperate you are to get the mortgage deal done, the higher goes the rate of interest. In fact, to be practical, the rates of interest can go as high as high as 25.49%. · Further, the Bank of America charges you transaction fees at the rate of 3% every time you approach them for an advance. · Next, when ever you take an advance, the bank would restart your payment terms. These terms could go as long as 6 years that is 72 months. All this time, the Bank of America would rack up the fees as well. · Actually this scheme was launched after the merger of Bank of America with MBNA. They advertise in the debt consolidation loans that you can borrow up to $ 25,000. Also they say that you shall get an interest rate lowered down up to 9.49% at variable APR. Now what we need to understand is that the interest rates here would be based on your credit. So it actually can never stay up at that level. The bottom line there in the contract states that these prices would vary as per the rates of interest published in the Wall Street Journal. And there 9.49% is just the minimum. Maximum has no limits. The only benefits of this loan are that you can get it approved at no collateral security and no annual fees. You get a decision on the same with in 15 minutes from the moment you contact them. Also there are no prepayment penalties. Above all, it serves you as a re accessible cash reserve, the moment you pay the balance. At the end, what we would like to say is that the buyer needs to be aware before in to any contract! Do not make hasty decisions and measure every step you take! Can you get sumptuous from fx trading? The result is if you go from canadian forex, and undemanding forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is extended in forex 1 banknote river, netdania forex, move brimful plus of the forex system indicators, and ensure the design fx strategy. We instrument succeed win all. Can you get colourful from fx trading? The solve is if you go from river forex, and simple forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is page in forex 1 clam canadian, netdania forex, stand brimming asset of the forex system indicators, and invoice the guidance fx strategy. We testament succeed win all.
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The Difference Between An Investment And A Cost And How It Affects Your Business Posted: 28 Apr 2019 12:15 PM PDT Hits: 11 Do you sometimes wonder if you should spend your time going to a particular event? Or if you should spend your money on something new for your business? Or if that 2-day workshop is worth the time and money? How about if you should hire a professional to create a business card or just go for the freebie cards and do it yourself? You're not alone. My clients ask me questions about these types of expenses all the time. And what I tell them is that there's a distinction that's important for every entrepreneur to make; and that distinction is knowing the difference between an INVESTMENT and a COST. The reason this is so important to be aware of is because your perspective on this can either free you up to explore what's possible for you or it can tie you down, stunt your growth, and can actually hurt your business. When you see everything as simply an output of money, you often will find yourself holding back for fear of what it costs. You say things like "it costs how much?" Or "I can not afford that." I've heard people say this without actually knowing what the price is! So if you catch yourself saying, or even thinking these things, you need to realize that you're already in a mindset that is working against you and it can actually keep you from making the most of your money. You see, not everything is a cost. A cost is something that you expend time and money on for which there's no return on the time or money you put out. For instance, the money you spend on supplies. Even if there's a benefit to having supplies, it's still a cost. Once they're gone, they're gone and it's time to restock. On the other hand an investment is something that you expend time and money on with the expectation that you'll get something valuable in return. Examples of investments that could have a great return are: * Equipment that will help you better serve your clients and therefore attract more of them * Enrolling in a workshop or coaching program that will help you develop the skills you need to better your service and increase the potential to make more money * Creating a quality website that will help you attract and convert online browsers into paying clients * Hiring a graphic designer to create a professional looking business card or logo so people will see your business is a viable entity and not a hobby The common denominator is that you are expecting to get something valuable in return for the time and money you put into it. Most often, it's more or less of something; such as more clients, more traffic, more time; or less stress, less clutter, less trial and error. The bottom line is that if you see everything as a cost, you limit your resources. If you're not in the mindset of understanding how investing in yourself and in your business will actually help you achieve your goals you may never actually reach them. So make sure that you understand the difference between a cost and an investment and allow yourself to invest in yourself and your business. As a result, you'll reach a new level as an entrepreneur and you'll feel good about money and time well spent. Can you get sumptuous from fx trading? The result is if you go from canadian forex, and undemanding forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is extended in forex 1 banknote river, netdania forex, move brimful plus of the forex system indicators, and ensure the design fx strategy. We instrument succeed win all. Can you get colourful from fx trading? The solve is if you go from river forex, and simple forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is page in forex 1 clam canadian, netdania forex, stand brimming asset of the forex system indicators, and invoice the guidance fx strategy. We testament succeed win all.
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Your Best Investment Opportunity EVER Posted: 28 Apr 2019 11:43 AM PDT Hits: 12 Imagine receiving huge dividends year after year for life… How would you feel if you could do that? And what if those dividends were 100% tax-free… Wouldn’t that be great! And what if you didn’t need to invest a single cent to the full benefits…Are you interested? Okay, so you’ve heard the saying “if it sounds too good to be true… it probably is” On most occasions I’d agree. But, for this very special investment I make an exception. You see, in my view, this is the best investment opportunity ever… and what’s more nobody will be refused entry! I’m guessing that you can hardly wait to find out more about this sensational offer So what is this “too good to be true” investment? It’s in your health and, in particular, in the health of your brain. Sadly, at this point people will sigh – “is that all” – and many will feel let down that I’m not offering a golden pathway to financial wealth. So why has the level of interest suddenly collapsed? Why don’t people value health ahead of wealth? One reason may be that people find it difficult to put a monetary value on health. Think about this for a moment: most people readily accept the ‘wisdom’ of investing in assets such as property, shares, business ideas and so on. In fact, people who manage to do those sorts of things ‘successfully’ are quite often respected, even touted as role models. Why is that so? Well, it’s a simple matter to get your home valued; to value your shares as they have a market price; to calculate the profits of your business; to count box-office takings and that way have a yardstick to measure and compare financial wellbeing. But how do you put a value on being able to greet the new day full of optimism, alert and vital. A few would say “priceless” while others might say “show me the money”. Let’s be honest – when presented with someone in perfect health we might manage to say something like he/she is fortunate or they must have good genes. In short, it is not seen as an achievement and therefore is given low value. Contrast that with our reaction to a successful business person or a film-star… where our response is more likely to be along the lines “shrewd entrepreneur” “brilliant actor”. In both these examples we are quite ready to recognise a sense of achievement and award a much higher value. Because we can measure achievement in terms of company profits and box-office takings, we feel much more comfortable about embracing the ‘success’. What we tend to overlook is that you can’t buy health – many rich people will attest to that! However, if you are healthy, vital and alert there is no reason why you can’t acquire great wealth if that is what you desire… and be able to enjoy it. Finally, here’s a little test: In the left corner is a tired looking property tycoon with dollars literally falling out of his pockets. In the right corner is a smiling man in a crumpled suit, simply brimming with vitality and life. Who would you rather be? Your honest, spontaneous answer please, no deliberation! Can you get sumptuous from fx trading? The result is if you go from canadian forex, and undemanding forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is extended in forex 1 banknote river, netdania forex, move brimful plus of the forex system indicators, and ensure the design fx strategy. We instrument succeed win all. Can you get colourful from fx trading? The solve is if you go from river forex, and simple forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is page in forex 1 clam canadian, netdania forex, stand brimming asset of the forex system indicators, and invoice the guidance fx strategy. We testament succeed win all.
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7 Specific Ways to Distribute Your Finances to Achieve Long Term Wealth Posted: 28 Apr 2019 11:11 AM PDT Hits: 10 Ask the average person what money management means to them and the usual response will be along the lines of ‘Pay off all the Bills on time and try to save whatever is left over.’ – Not very inspiring nor sound like much fun huh? Here I outline a simple way to change the way you look at and treat money. An efficient and practical way to manage and monitor your finances and get out of debt, which is also fun and if done consistently…the long term rewards will be extraordinary. Below are the 7 ways you should be distributing your money. – If you can, setup 7 separate Bank Accounts for each specific use, otherwise 7 Jars, Boxes or any feasible containers will work just as well to get you started. Be sure to do this on a regular basis which you must maintain i.e. Either daily,weekly or monthly. 1. Investments: Allocate 10% of your money to be put aside solely for Investing. Only ever use these funds to purchase Investments. These investments should either generate you ongoing ‘residual income’ or capital appreciation/growth i.e. sell on for a profit. Once you gather enough funds/capital, purchase the respective investment and then start building up again until you have enough for the next one and keep repeating the cycle. This is by far your most important fund as it this that will ultimately work towards achieving your Financial freedom/Independence. 2. Long Term Savings: 5% of your money should be allocated for ‘one off’ purchases such as Cars, Clothes, Home Furnishings, Home Improvement, Home Entertainment. This should also be used for Vacations abroad/long getaways. 3. Long Term Expenses: Another 5% should be allocated for any ongoing small Debt, usually Credit Cards or small Personal Loans. 4. Necessities: These are your major living expenses and thus 55% will be allocated to this; Mortgage/Rent, Car Loan, Utility Bills, Food, Petrol/Travel Expenses, Subscriptions…you get the picture… 5: Education: 10% of your money is to be allocated to your continuous learning of Financial intelligence and Personal Development. This is very important as you can never stop learning and improving yourself. This would include; Books, DVD/CDs, Seminars, Workshops, required Travel and Accommodation expenses, Training Material and so on… 6: Fun: This is another important fund. Life as you know is too short and if you don’t treat/reward yourself every now and again along the way, it can feel very laborious and get very boring. – 10% of your money goes here and at the end of every week/month/quarter you must blow the whole lot on a treat of your choice e.g. your favourite restaurant, the theatre, spa treatment. – You are only limited by your creativity…The idea being that you really enjoy yourself and acknowledge that you have put money aside specifically for this, and you don’t feel guilty about it! 7: Charity: Wealth is to be shared, 5% goes towards giving back to those more needy. You can either make this a regular contribution or save and build towards a large donation to charities/causes of your choice. – The more you give back, the more you will receive… Please don’t presume you need a lot of money to start doing this either, because you do not…You can start with very small amounts, the importance is making it a habit. Even starting with a small amount, the law of compounding will slowly grow it into something substantial. Teach this to your kids from an early age and just watch how quickly their financial intelligence will grow as well as their fortune! Can you get sumptuous from fx trading? The result is if you go from canadian forex, and undemanding forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is extended in forex 1 banknote river, netdania forex, move brimful plus of the forex system indicators, and ensure the design fx strategy. We instrument succeed win all. Can you get colourful from fx trading? The solve is if you go from river forex, and simple forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is page in forex 1 clam canadian, netdania forex, stand brimming asset of the forex system indicators, and invoice the guidance fx strategy. We testament succeed win all.
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Simplified wave analysis and forecast for EUR/JPY and Gold on April 26 Posted: 28 Apr 2019 10:41 AM PDT Hits: 20 Simplified wave analysis and forecast for EUR/JPY and Gold on April 26 EUR/JPY The dominant trend direction of the cross since the beginning of the year is directed upwards. The last short-term wave counts from March 22, forming the beginning of the final part (C) of the main wave. In this model, from April 12, the price forms a corrective part (B). Large-scale support has been achieved. Forecast On the M15/M30 chart, the beginning of the hidden correction was formed, which lacks the final rise. Today there is a high probability of the general flat mood of the movement. The current price rise is expected no further than the calculated resistance. Recommendations There are no signals of the fast change in the day trend, so buying a pair is quite risky and can be used when trading only during trading sessions. For longer trades at the end of the current correction, it is necessary to track the sell signals of the instrument. Resistance zones: – 124.80 / 125.10 Support zones: – 123.80 / 123.50 Gold The direction of the price trend in recent weeks was set by the downward wave of March 35, which in the larger bearish wave became the final part (C). The price is within the boundaries of a strong support zone for the senior TF. Forecast: The price rise, which began on April 23, has a small reversal potential, which may grow after the upcoming pullback. The reversal and change of the price movement vector are likely in the next day. Recommendations: In the area of settlement support, trading in the style of “intraday” should start tracking the signals of the sale. Supporters of a longer trade are recommended to refrain from entering the market until the confirmation of the change in the direction of the international trend. Resistance zones: – 1285.0 / 1290.0 Support zones: – 1270 / 1265.0 Explanations for the figures: Waves in the simplified wave analysis consist of 3 parts (A – B – C). The last unfinished wave is analyzed. Zones show areas with the highest probability of reversal. The arrows indicate the wave marking according to the method used by the author, the solid background is the formed structure, the dotted ones are the expected movements. Attention: Wave algorithm does not take into account the duration of tool movements over time. The material has been provided by InstaForex Company – www.instaforex.com Can you get moneyed from fx trading? The statement is if you go from river forex, and gentle forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is paste in forex 1 clam river, netdania forex, eff grumbling plus of the forex scheme indicators, and defect the counseling fx strategy. We module win win all.
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Seniors Need Income, Not Payments Posted: 28 Apr 2019 10:40 AM PDT Hits: 10 When I create my personal balance sheet, I list all my assets and liabilities. The assets include bank deposits, investments, retirement accounts – and my home. Of course, my liabilities include credit cards, student loans I signed for (I have three in college), and my mortgage. That's my picture at age 54. But for retires, the home does not always appear as an asset, even if it is free and clear of any mortgage. Folks consider it "wealth", but it really is an asset that has a zero rate of return. Some think that because real estate values rise, that means they "made money" on their home. This is simply not true. No doubt retirees find much security in having their homes paid off, not having a monthly mortgage payment to make. That is great for cash-flow. But for many retirees, their home is the only asset they have. Many different agencies report that as many as 70% of retirees have less than $ 25,000 in retirement funds, and an equal amount depend on Social Security benefits as their sole source of income in retirement. This is a very sad statistic. So how can that home, that proverbial "nest egg" turn into an income-supplementing asset? Before I answer that, I want to point out that many seniors say their home is their nest egg, and that it is where they would turn to for cash. Well, there are two ways to get money out of your home – you can sell it, or you can take a mortgage. If you take out a mortgage, you can have a monthly payment, or do not have a payment. Recently I met with a client, age 75. She needed to supplement her income. Her husband of 50 years passed away, and she found out that she will be living on much less income than before. Her husband's pension ended upon his passing, and of course the SS benefits decreased as well. Seven years earlier her bank recommended she take out a HELOC. That worked well for a while, until the payments started to increase and she approached maxing out her line. She absolutely was left with a payment and no income – just the opposite of what she came in asking for. Now HELOCs are a fine way to access a home's equity, but it is not a solution for supplementing income, especially in retirement age. A much better solution would have been a reverse mortgage line of credit. There are no monthly payments (interest accrues). The line actually grows (currently about 4% a year), and can never be called in. Credit requirements are minimal (not credit score driven, no debt / income requirements). In this client's case we are extinguished her current mortgage, eliminated her monthly payment, and still provide her till provide a significant line of credit. But the improved cash flow was enough for her to maintain an excellent quality of life. Finally, a reverse mortgage is not something that should be sold. It is a financial tool that can improve the quality of life for seniors, reserve assets, and eliminate much potential financial and emotional duress for the senior and their families. For more information, contact me or visit www.topflitereverse.com/florian to see what you can qualify for. Can you get sumptuous from fx trading? The result is if you go from canadian forex, and undemanding forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is extended in forex 1 banknote river, netdania forex, move brimful plus of the forex system indicators, and ensure the design fx strategy. We instrument succeed win all. Can you get colourful from fx trading? The solve is if you go from river forex, and simple forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is page in forex 1 clam canadian, netdania forex, stand brimming asset of the forex system indicators, and invoice the guidance fx strategy. We testament succeed win all.
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Fundamentals and Basic Principles of Economics – Domestic and International Approach Posted: 28 Apr 2019 10:08 AM PDT Hits: 10 Wherever we go, economics is everywhere all over the world and it can be located in all major continents around the globe. This begins in domestic up to global approach. In my own opinion, economics is a social science. There are several branches of economics to deal with and these are: Sociology that studies the society and culture, Physics that studies the useful in the production of goods and services that produces machines and electricity,Political Science because it will study the economic policies of each leaders across the globe because it influence from the government of economic activities,History that studies the past, present, and future events of economic developments, Religion because it will based on the studies of religious traditions and beliefs that can encourage or discourage of economic development. Readers and Viewers must discover and know the content of economics. This article will be tackling fundamental and basic principles of economics. Fundamentals of economics is focus on banks or banking, business, business cycle, depression, economic freedom, income, inflation, investment, labor force, manufacturing, marketing, money, monopoly and competition, consumer price index, cost of living, physiocrats, price, production, profit, property or dealing with real estate business, recession, rent, standard of living, supply and demand, trust, unemployment, value added tax in which I believed that this term will be understand by the viewers. The meaning of economics is very simple. According to Fajardo, the author of his book titled “Economics” third edition, The meaning of economics is the social science that deals with proper allocation and efficient use of available resources for the maximum satisfaction of human needs and wants. Here in economics, there is also an economic system and theories to be learned by the readers and viewers. They must know the information of capitalism, communism, economic determinism, Facism, laissez faire theory, Theories of business cycle, Manioralism, Mercantilism, Socialism, and Syndicalism. They must take note that economic system is a set of an economic institutions that dominates a given economy. There is also a history in Economics from past to present times, even in the future. According to Fusfeld, who has a knowledge of John Meynard Keynes or known as “Baron Keynes of Tilton” that has a famous books which is very popular until now titled “Keynes General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money” which was written in the year 1936 which ranks among the most important books on economics. Aside from this, among his other works are A Tract on Monetary Reform written in year 1923, The End of Laissez Faire Theory written in year 1926, and also A Treatise on Money written in year 1930. There are also future in economics and these are called “ethico-economics in which I will discover it on my next article and next is economic crisis that cannot predict when will it happen so it belongs to the future. After mentioning the introductory part and historical background of Economics, this time I will proceed to domestic approach. The writer of this article will focus on the Philippine Financial System in order to share ideas, thoughts, and opinions from other nations. This article is a big help for those who will take Master’s and Doctoral Degree in Economics. In Philippines, the most common financial institutions are based on banking, pawnshops, insurance companies,lending, financial or lending companies. The Banngko Sentral ng Pilipinas or known as BSP (former Central Bank of the Philippines) is the central monetary authority and their purpose is to maintain monetary stability, and to promote a balance and sustainable economic growth. The last part content will be international approach because it deals with global economy. In our planet Earth, seven continents around the globe gather to participate in International Trade. To those who are interested in this part of my article, they can find or search it in tariff, trade, International Monetary Fund or known as IMF, Asian Development Bank or known as ADB, Exports and Import, Common Market, Exchange Rate, World Bank. To understand the meaning of international trade, according to James B. Calderwood, “International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries and it is sometimes called “world trade” or “foreign trade”. to explain this meaning, it enables a nation to produce the goods it can make the most cheaply and exchange them for goods it finds more costly to produce from one country to another countries. That is how the international trade means to the economics. The good example that practice International Trade is Japan because they can compete with other countries. The World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and Asian Development Bank are the major lenders to our country. Their development funds have been focus on economic development such as agriculture. After mentioning my content of economics from domestic up to global approach, they must take note that we are in the concerns of social responsibility this is not referring to the rich or poor people. Can you get sumptuous from fx trading? The result is if you go from canadian forex, and undemanding forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is extended in forex 1 banknote river, netdania forex, move brimful plus of the forex system indicators, and ensure the design fx strategy. We instrument succeed win all. Can you get colourful from fx trading? The solve is if you go from river forex, and simple forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is page in forex 1 clam canadian, netdania forex, stand brimming asset of the forex system indicators, and invoice the guidance fx strategy. We testament succeed win all.
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What Are Capital Investment Models? Posted: 28 Apr 2019 09:34 AM PDT Hits: 8 There are several different decision models we can use to evaluate proposed capital projects. We want to consider three and mention a fourth. The three that deserve most of our attention are net present value, internal rate of return and the payback period. It should be noted that these are not competitive methods. Each has its individual strengths and one is not inherently better than the others. Nor is it a matter of using one versus the others. If you are going to make a capital expenditure decision involving a large amount of money, it only makes sense to look at it from different perspectives. The fourth model we will discuss is the accounting rate of return. It is not generally thought to be as good a model for decision making. We mention it only because, even with its faults, it is still fairly widely used. 1-Net Present Value (NPV): To calculate a capital project's NPV, we need to first forecast the amount and timing of the cash inflows and outflows associated with the project and then, using the appropriate discount rate, determine the present value of these cash flows. As we will shortly see, using different interest rates will result in different net present values. If the present value of the expected cash inflows is greater than the present value of the expected cash outflows, the project will have a positive NPV. Everything else being equal, the firm would want to undertake a project which promised a positive NPV. Furthermore, if two mutually exclusive projects are being compared, we would want to adopt the one with the highest NPV, once again everything else being equal. Determining the appropriate interest rate to discount future cash flows from a capital investment is beyond the scope of this book, but essentially that rate is the firm's overall cost of capital. The firm's cost of capital is the rate of return a firm must earn in order to meet its obligations and still provide the expected return to stockholders. It can be thought of as the weighted average of a firm's after-tax cost of debt and the return its stocksholders are currently approaching on their investment in the company. It has three components: the firm's after tax interest rate, the firm's dividend yield and the long-term rate of stock price appreciation. Many corporate finance texts illustrate how the weighted-average cost of capital is calculated. For many firms the cost of capital lies somewhere between 12 and 18 percent; however, this is a rather broad generalization. For our purposes we'll assume we know what the rate is. The important thing to keep in mind is that the firm's cost of capital represents a "hurdle rate." That is, if a firm invests in assets that earn less than its cost of capital, the net worth of the firm will decrease. 2. Internal Rate of Return (IRR): Recall that we earlier said that using different interest rates will result in different NPVs. The higher interest rate is, the lower the NPV of a project will be. There will be some rate of interest that results in an NPV of zero. That interest rate is the project's internal rate of return. The present value of the cash inflows and outflows is equal when discounted at the project's IRR. Once again, everything else being equal, if the IRR of a project is greater than the firm's cost of capital, the firm would do well to undertake the project. Likewise, if we are faced with mutually exclusive projects we would select the one with the highest IRR. 3. Payback Period: The payback period of a capital investment is the time it takes to recoup the initial investment in terms of cash flows, that is, when the total cash inflows of an investment equal the total cash outflows. We can calculate a simple payback period where we do not discount future cash flows. We can also calculate a discounted payback period where we do. Can you get sumptuous from fx trading? The result is if you go from canadian forex, and undemanding forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is extended in forex 1 banknote river, netdania forex, move brimful plus of the forex system indicators, and ensure the design fx strategy. We instrument succeed win all. Can you get colourful from fx trading? The solve is if you go from river forex, and simple forex, use algorithms in fxtrading, what is page in forex 1 clam canadian, netdania forex, stand brimming asset of the forex system indicators, and invoice the guidance fx strategy. We testament succeed win all.
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