Isolated from Diseases of the Mind and Body Dear Daily Prophecy Reader, What are we afraid of? In recent weeks, I have been travelling around the globe and observing the rapid emptying of airports. Does this mean that most people are in a panic over a new form of highly infectious flu? It called to mind my studies long ago with the great economist and game theorist Thomas Schelling, who won the Nobel Prize in economics in 2005 mostly for his theories of "micromotives and macrobehavior." His book by that title showed that such phenomena as empty airports or traffic-jammed freeways or even segregated communities could reflect only the slightest attitudinal causes. Only small changes in people's minds, oriented in the same direction, can effect massive changes in people's collective behavior. "Though a society can resist epidemics of physical disease," as I paraphrase philosopher-psychologist Karl Jung in Wealth&Poverty, "it is defenseless against diseases of the mind. Against 'psychic epidemics' our laws and medicines and great factories and fortunes are virtually helpless." The Materialist Superstition and Blockchain In recent prophecies, I have been challenging the particular delusion of sophisticated people called the "materialist superstition." This is the belief that wealth and growth reflect the accumulation of scarce material resources that can run out or be exhausted as population grows. Waste not, want not, is the savers' austerity creed that expresses the materialist superstition. I've been writing about the opposite view —"waste it and want not"— the abundance and scarcity paradigm of Caltech's Carver Mead: "Waste what is abundant in order to save what is scarce." An entrepreneur following this idea is Craig Wright, the putative "Satoshi" of bitcoin fame. He told me at the London CoinGeek conference last month that this rule had inspired him in conceiving the blockchain. He read about "infinite bandwidth" in my book Telecosm (2000) and decided to waste abundant bandwidth to achieve security, scarce on the internet. The blockchain wastes abundant bandwidth and storage transistors to save the scarcities of security and factuality. Copying the blocks across the network and storing them at every node makes the contents of the chain unchangeable by an attack at any particular place. To change the contents, you have the almost impossible challenge of taking over control of the entire network, capturing a majority of nodes: "a 51% attack." Key to blockchain is what is called the "gossip protocol," which follows the now topical technique of viruses. By communicating to its immediate neighbors, it creates an exponential cascade. Gossip takes hashes of every block and chains them peer-to-peer to every node in the network. Wasted wantonly through the broadcast chain of gossip is bandwidth. And wasted wildly in storing an entire blockchain hash on every node is storage. Beyond bandwidth, storage is by far the fastest growing vector of Moore's Law, expanding several times faster even than the blockchain itself. Thus, a protocol of wasting bandwidth and storage challenges the existing centralized database protocols, which perversely save what is most abundant: bandwidth and storage. As I wrote in Life After Google, in constant dollars since 1980, the price of processing dropped some 500-fold, the usual Moore's Law bounty. But the price of hard-drive storage dropped 250 thousand times or 500 times faster than the price of computer processing. Satoshi's goal with the blockchain is to achieve what a database truly seeks: availability, factuality, and security. Ironically, the existing centralized systems sacrifice these goals to a goal of saving on abundant bandwidth and storage through centralization. That means existing databases waste what is scarce in order to save what is abundant. As Wright saw, that is a bad deal for the world. Here we see the power of paradigms to guide investment. They can discriminate between genuine innovations and mere renovations based on the previous environment. |
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